Seckmeyer, G. et al.: Why is it so hard to gain enough Vitamin D by solar exposure in the European winter? In: Meteorologische Zeitschrift 27 (2018), Nr. 3, S. 223-233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2018/0855
Abstract: | |
UV exposure, which is the main source for a sufficient level of vitamin D in the human body, is found to be up to a factor of 7 lower in Northern Germany (52° N) in the winter months compared to UV levels in thecentral region of New Zealand’s South Island (45° S). When corrected for the influence of solar zenith angle, the vitamin D-weighted exposure is still a factor of 2 higher in the southern hemisphere at the corresponding latitude. The major part of the difference can be attributed to differences in cloudiness, and a minor part to total ozone and aerosols. Data from several stations in Europe show a high variability due to cloudiness differences between the stations and between different years, but they also show that the differences are not restricted to individual sites and may characterize a northern versus southern hemisphere contrast. Wintertime erythemally-weighted irradiance is also found to be much higher in New Zealand than in Europe. Whereas on a monthly average clouds weaken the UV irradiation by up to 25% for most locations in New Zealand, the reduction is usually up to 50% in central Europe in winter. | |
License of this version: | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Unported |
Document Type: | Article |
Publishing status: | publishedVersion |
Issue Date: | 2018 |
Appears in Collections: | Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik |
pos. | country | downloads | ||
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total | perc. | |||
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United States | 482 | 73.25% |
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Germany | 106 | 16.11% |
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United Kingdom | 20 | 3.04% |
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China | 8 | 1.22% |
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Spain | 7 | 1.06% |
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France | 4 | 0.61% |
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Russian Federation | 3 | 0.46% |
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Moldova, Republic of | 2 | 0.30% |
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Kenya | 2 | 0.30% |
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Estonia | 2 | 0.30% |
other countries | 22 | 3.34% |
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