Salinity inversions in the thermocline under upwelling favorable winds

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Burchard, H.; Basdurak, N.B.; Gräwe, U.; Knoll, M.; Mohrholz, V. et al.: Salinity inversions in the thermocline under upwelling favorable winds. In: Geophysical Research Letters 44 (2017), Nr. 3, S. 1422-1428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL072101

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This paper discusses and explains the phenomenon of salinity inversions in the thermocline offshore from an upwelling region during upwelling favorable winds. Using the nontidal central Baltic Sea as an easily accessible natural laboratory, high-resolution transect and station observations in the upper layers are analyzed. The data show local salinity minima in the strongly stratified seasonal thermocline during summer conditions under the influence of upwelling favorable wind. A simple analytical box model using parameters (including variation by means of a Monte Carlo method) estimated from a hindcast model for the Baltic Sea is constructed to explain the observations. As a result, upwelled water with high salinity and low temperature is warmed up due to downward surface heat fluxes while it is transported offshore by the Ekman transport. The warming of upwelled surface water allows maintenance of stable stratification despite the destabilizing salinity stratification, such that local salinity minima in the thermocline can be generated. Inspection of published observations from the Benguela, Peruvian, and eastern tropical North Atlantic upwelling systems shows that also there salinity inversions occur in the thermocline, but in these cases thermocline salinity shows local maxima, since upwelled water has a lower salinity than the surface water. It is hypothesized that thermocline salinity inversions should generally occur offshore from upwelling regions whenever winds are steady enough and surface warming is sufficiently strong.
License of this version: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Unported
Document Type: Article
Publishing status: publishedVersion
Issue Date: 2017
Appears in Collections:Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik

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pos. country downloads
total perc.
1 image of flag of Germany Germany 117 67.63%
2 image of flag of United States United States 27 15.61%
3 image of flag of China China 10 5.78%
4 image of flag of India India 2 1.16%
5 image of flag of France France 2 1.16%
6 image of flag of Spain Spain 2 1.16%
7 image of flag of Cyprus Cyprus 2 1.16%
8 image of flag of Taiwan Taiwan 1 0.58%
9 image of flag of Sweden Sweden 1 0.58%
10 image of flag of Peru Peru 1 0.58%
    other countries 8 4.62%

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